Gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus. At least 20% to 30% of people in the country suffer from some degree of GERD. To ensure prevention and early diagnosis, it is necessary to know about the stages of GERD and their treatments.

Read on to know more about the stages of GERD:

1. Stage 1
Patients with stage 1 GERD, often experience some damage to their LES (Lower Esophageal Sphincter), resulting in occasional heartburn and stomach discomfort. Stage 1 GERD does not affect the quality of life. The symptoms of mild GERD can be easily treated with over-the-counter medications and including foods that soothe GERD symptoms.

2. Stage 2
In this stage of GERD a person experiences comparatively more extensive damage to the LES. Therefore, it is typically referred to as moderate GERD. Moderate GERD can greatly affect daily activities and cause esophageal inflammation, resulting in difficulty in swallowing. So apart from using over-the-counter medications, moderate GERD may require long-term use of acid-suppressive medications for relief. It is important to treat GERD in its mild or moderate stages as later stages may cause long-term pain and require dedicated treatment options.

3. Stage 3
Severe or stage 3 GERD is a result of poorly controlled GERD. Stage 3 GERD hinders daily activity, greatly affecting the quality of life. Patients suffering from stage 3 GERD may suffer from erosive esophageal inflammation. The LES sphincter may lose its integrity, thereby stopping stomach acid from crossing the LES. This may cause regurgitation of food, mouth tasting sour, and sensation of s lump in the throat. In this case, doctors may prescribe antacids and histamine blockers that can lower acid secretion and can help heal esophageal erosions. However, lack of or inadequate treatment or overlooking the symptoms of stage 3 GERD can give rise to severe health complications, including progression of GERD to stage 4.

4. Stage 4
This stage is also referred to as reflux-induced precancerous lesions. Stage 4 GERD increases the risk of suffering from esophageal cancer. This is because stomach acids erode LES to the point that cells in the area mutate to form a cancerous tumor. This precancerous condition is also called Barrett’s esophagus. Apart from antacids, histamine blockers, and other medications, stage 4 GERD may also require surgery to remove any precancerous tumor.

Apart from this, the patient may also be required to undergo Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) to stop stomach acid from reaching the LES. This procedure is less painful and typically helps patients recover faster than laparoscopic surgery. Some doctors might also recommend Nissen Fundoplication. This procedure involves wrapping the upper part of the stomach around the lower esophagus, thereby enhancing the anti-reflux barrier, providing permanent relief from acid reflux.